Abstract: The 20~30 mesh perlite ore and the 20~30 mesh expanded perlite were selected to replace a certain amount of sand as the concrete fine aggregate, the influence of perlite state and substitution rate on the basic mechanical properties of concrete were studied by means of microcosmic and macroscopic angles. The experimental results showed that the water retention performance of expanded perlite concrete was stronger than that of perlite ore. The peak value of the hydration reaction temperature of expanded perlite concrete (20% substitution rate) was basically the same as that of the reference concrete, and the peak time was ahead of. It was found that the basic mechanical properties of perlite concrete were the best when 20~30 mesh expanded perlite was selected and the blending ratio was about 20%.