Abstract: Based on point-of-interest（POI） big data and a geographic information system（GIS）， the sports venues and facilities in the eight counties and two districts under the jurisdiction of Xinyang City were taken as the research objects. Methods including kernel density analysis， standard deviational ellipse analysis， average nearest neighbor analysis， and the geographical detector were comprehensively employed to investigate the spatial distribution pattern， resource allocation characteristics， and influencing factors of sports facilities in Xinyang. The results indicated that： 1）A total of 3309 sports facilities were spatially distributed in a "single‑core agglomeration" pattern， with the high‑value kernel density areas （2.16~4.32） concentrated at the junction of Pingqiao District and Shihe District and gradually decreasing toward the peripheral areas. 2）The per‑thousand population occupancy of sports facilities citywide was 0.530 5 facilities per thousand people， with the highest value observed in Shihe District （1.016 6） and the lowest in Xi County （0.306 0）， revealing a severe imbalance between resource allocation and population demand. 3）The average nearest neighbor ratio was 0.244 9（z=-83.102 3，p<0.001）， indicating a highly clustered distribution of sports facilities and relatively convenient overall accessibility for residents.4）The factors of healthcare and science，education and culture exerted the strongest influence（q=0.946）， followed by nighttime light intensity and road network density， whereas the individual effects of natural geographic factors were relatively weak； however， the explanatory power was significantly enhanced after factor interactions were considered. Accordingly， suggestions were proposed to optimize the spatial layout structure， improve the balance of resource allocation， enrich the diversity of facility types， and strengthen multi-sectoral collaboration. The findings were intended to provide a scientific reference for the optimization of the spatial layout and site selection of sports facilities in Xinyang City， thereby promoting the high‑quality development of regional sports facility construction.