Abstract: Bacillus velezensis was identified as a Gram-positive bacillus widely distributed in nature， and broad application potential was demonstrated in the fields of agriculture， food， and medicine. Currently， its biocontrol capability， plant growth-promoting properties， and environmental pollutant degradation activity were regarded as the important research directions regarding its biological functions. The latest research progress on the biodegradation of multiple substrates by Bacillus velezensis， including phosphorus， cellulose， kitchen waste， mycotoxins， heavy metals， pesticides， and oils， was systematically summarized. Furthermore， the challenges associated with genetic engineering modification and environmental safety assessment were analyzed. The aims were to provide a theoretical reference for the development and application of the biodegradation functions of Bacillus velezensis.