Abstract: Based on MOD17A3H data， the gravity center model， partial correlation analysis and geographical detector methods were used to reveal the spatiotemporal evolution patterns of vegetation NPP in China from 2000 to 2022 from a regional perspective， and to elucidate the response mechanisms of vegetation NPP to climate and human activities in different ecological subregions and historical periods. The results indicated that： （1） The overall spatial distribution of vegetation NPP in China showed a pattern of higher values in the south and lower in the north， and higher in the east and lower in the west， with spatial heterogeneity in the distribution across ecological subregions； （2） The gravity center of NPP in the northeast， northwest， and north China regions had shifted southward， while in the southwest， central south， and east China regions， it had shifted northward； （3） Human activities dominated the increase in NPP from 2000 to 2009， whereas climate change dominated the increase from 2010 to 2022； （4） The partial correlations between different factors and NPP exhibited spatial heterogeneity； （5） The interactive effects of human activity factors had strengthened in the north China region， while human activities had a weaker impact on NPP in the southwest region.