Abstract: In view of the problem that Camellia oleifera was affected by low temperature and cannot be planted in large quantities in Xinyang area, the influence of low temperature on the leaf photosynthesis and physiological indexes of Anhui, Jiangxi and Fujian Camellia oleifera seedlings were studied as test materials. The results showed that the maximum photochemical efficiency (F_v/F_m) decreased; the relative conductivity increased; the enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) antioxidant enzymes increased; the content of malondialdehyde, soluble sugar and proline acid increased. Anhui varieties in three varieties showed better low temperature adaptability.