豫南油茶林土壤养分化学计量及评价——以光山县为例

Soil Nutrient Stoichiometry and Evaluation of Camellia Oleifera Forests in Southern Henan Province: The Case of Guangshan County

  • 摘要: 为提升信阳油茶产量与品质, 促进油茶林地平衡施肥, 基于光山县10个油茶林样点, 在0, 10) cm、10, 20) cm、20, 40) cm、40, 60) cm等4个土壤剖面深度分层取样, 分析pH、全氮含量、水解性氮含量、全磷含量、速效钾含量、全钾含量等指标, 并提出油茶园土壤养分评价标准, 对样点土壤养分状况进行评价分级。结果显示: 土壤pH值波动小(4.40~6.40);全氮含量波动大且偏低(0.021%~0.211%), 仅10%达Ⅰ级油茶林地标准; 水解性氮和速效钾含量适中, 分别有10%、70%达Ⅰ、Ⅱ级; 有效磷含量变异极大, 仅10%满足Ⅰ级; 全磷含量普遍Ⅲ级; 全钾含量较优, 50%符合Ⅰ、Ⅱ级标准。结合调查结果, 建议对养分评级高的油茶林地, 应注重合理施肥, 保持土壤养分的平衡; 对于中、低养分等级林地, 应加大施肥力度, 提高土壤养分含量, 且对新老不同油茶林地进行有针对性的施肥和管理。

     

    Abstract: In order to improve the yield and quality of Camellia oleifera in Xinyang and promote the balanced fertilization of C.oleifera woodland, based on 10 C. oleifera forest sample sites in Guangshan county, four soil profile depth stratified samples of 0, 10) cm, 10, 20) cm, 20, 40) cm and 40, 60) cm were collected, the indexes of pH, total nitrogen, hydrolyzed nitrogen, total phosphorus, quick-acting potassium, etc. were analyzed, and the evaluation standard of soil nutrient in oil tea plantation were proposed to evaluate and classify soil nutrient status in the sample sites. The soil nutrient evaluation standard was proposed to evaluate and grade the soil nutrient status of the sample points. The results showed that: Soil pH fluctuated little (4.40~6.40), total nitrogen content fluctuated greatly and was low (0.021%~0.211%), and only 10% reached the standard of Grade Ⅰ oil tea woodland; hydrolyzable nitrogen and quick-acting potassium content was moderate, with 10% and 70% reaching the Grade Ⅰ and Ⅱ, respectively; The effective phosphorus was extremely variable, with only 10% meeting the Grade Ⅰ; Total phosphorus was generally of Grade Ⅲ, and the content of total potassium was better, with 50% meeting the Grade Ⅰ and Ⅱ standards. Combined with the results of the survey, it is suggested that, for oil tea woodlands with high nutrient ratings, the reasonable fertilization should be emphasized to maintain the balance of soil nutrients; for medium-and low-nutrient-rated woodlands, fertilizer application should be intensified to increase soil nutrient content, and the targeted fertilization and management should be carried out on new and old different oil tea woodlands.

     

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