2023年诺贝尔生理学与医学奖解读——核苷碱基修饰与mRNA疫苗

Introduction of the 2023 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine: Nucleoside Base Modification and mRNA Vaccine

摘要: 2023年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖授予美国科学家卡塔琳·卡里科(Katalin KARIKÓ)和德鲁·魏斯曼(Drew WEISSMAN), 以表彰他们在核苷碱基修饰方面的发现, 为研发有效的抗新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)的mRNA疫苗做出了杰出贡献。掺入修饰碱基的mRNA可以逃避不良的免疫反应, 而且含假尿苷的mRNA能更有效地进行翻译。以两位科学家的研究为基础, 科研人员完善了mRNA疫苗的研发技术体系。展望了核苷碱基修饰、mRNA疫苗、脂质纳米颗粒技术、mRNA疫苗的应用前景。

Abstract: The 2023 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to Katalin KARIKÓ and Drew WEISSMAN for their discovery of nucleoside base modification.The study of two scientists found that in vitro transcribed mRNA with modified bases can escape adverse immune reaction and also found that mRNA containing pseudouridine can be translated more effectively. Based on the research of two scientists, the delivery systems have been developed efficiently. The nucleoside modification, mRNA vaccine, lipid nanoparticles, mRNA vaccine application prospect were introduced.