Abstract: The external environmental evaluation system and the of equalization evaluation index of basic education were constructed with 87 prefecture-level cities in the central region as the research objects. The level of basic education equalization, influencing factors and the spatial heterogeneity characteristics were analyzed by coupling coordination analysis and geographical weighted regression methods. The results showed that, most areas in Henan Province and the border between Hubei, Henan and Anhui provinces were subsidence area of basic education firstly. Secondly, the provincial capital cities presented an inconsistency and mismatch between the internal system and external environment. Finally, the education investment was still a key variable affecting the high quality of basic education equalization in the central region, the educational process and educational results were the main links restricting the high-quality development of basic education in the central region. Multi-dimensional research, analysis and coupling analysis of the internal and external environment of the basic education development can provide a scientific basis for regulating the unbalanced spatial pattern of the development of regional basic education.