Abstract: On the basis of constructing an evaluation index system for high-quality agricultural development, the time-varying entropy method was used to measure the level of high-quality agricultural development in 30 provinces of China from 2003 to 2020. Furthermore, the Kernel density estimation method and Markov chain analysis method were used to identify the dynamic evolution trend of high-quality agricultural development. The results indicated that although the spatial differences in the high-quality development of agriculture in China was shrinking, there was still a certain gradient effect. (2) With the increase of time span, the liquidity of high-quality agricultural development level gradually increased, but the low-level areas were still difficult to achieve a leapfrog leap in the short term. Spatial and geographical factors had a significant impact on the dynamic evolution of the distribution of high-quality agricultural development. In the future, it is urgent to fully leverage the spatial spillover effect of high-quality agricultural development, strengthen regional interaction and cooperation, and promote cross regional synergy in improving the level of high-quality agricultural development.