Abstract: For the first time, a habitat survey was conducted on the wetland plants in the riparian zone of "One River and Two Streams" in Taizhou city, Zhejiang province, to investigate the main environmental gradient factors affecting the species diversity composition and spatial distribution at the regional scale, using the wetland vegetation of the riparian. The results showed that: (1) A total of 100 species of wetland vascular plants from 31 families and 84 genera were surveyed in the basin, with the family Poaceae (28 species) and Asteraceae (15 species) being the most abundant. (2) The α-diversity of plant communities in different branches of the study area was ranked as: Yongan river>Shifeng river>Jiaojiang river>Lingjiang river. (3) Ordinary Kriging interpolation analysis showed that the riparian habitat factors in each section presented obvious spatial heterogeneity. (4) Based on the ward clustering method, all plant community samples could be divided into three cluster types, i.e. Ass. Spartina alterniflora+Phragmites australis, Ass. Sapium sebiferum-Arundo donax, and Ass. Pterocarya stenoptera-Salix chienii+Saccharum arundinaceum+Arundo donax; The non-metric multiscale (NMDS) ranking results were also consistent with the clustering results, and reflected the distribution pattern of vegetation response to environmental gradient from downstream to upstream. (5) The results of the redundancy analysis (RDA) ranking showed that the total potassium in soil was the key environmental limiting factors affecting the distribution of vegetation in the riparian zone; The functional group composed of S. alterniflora and P. australis was most significantly affected by the gradient of environmental factors.