Abstract: Based on Landsat-8 OLI/TIRS images in 2013, 2017 and 2021, the remote sensing ecological index (RSEI) of Henan Liankang Mountain National Nature Reserve was calculated in three periods, and the relationship between RSEI change and topographic characteristics was explored by combining elevation, slope and aspect data.The results showed that: (1) The average RSEI values of the study area in 2013, 2017 and 2021 were 0.251, 0.397 and 0.597, respectively, showing a gradual upward trend, and the ecological environment quality continued to be improved. The unbalanced development trend of eco-environmental quality in the core area and buffer zone has intensified, while the experimental area has tended to be balanced. (2) RSEI changes were dominated by slight improvement and significant improvement, mainly distributed in the central and southern parts of the study area, with a net improvement area of 79.67 km², accounting for 75.30%. (3) Middle elevation (309~464 m), slope (5°~35°) and sunny slope (south, southwest, west and northwest) are the main areas for RSEI reduction, and it is recommended to increase the protection and governance of this area to promote the improvement of the ecological environment quality of the reserve.