Abstract: A comprehensive evaluation index system for urban ecological resilience was constructed. The urban ecological resilience index for cities in the Huaihe River Ecological Economic Belt from 2005 to 2020 was calculated by using the global entropy method. The spatial and temporal characteristics, regional differences and dynamic evolution of urban ecological resilience in different regions of the Huaihe River were analyzed. The Dagum Gini coefficient, Kernel density estimation and Markov chain method were employed to reveal the sources of regional differences in urban ecological resilience, its spatial distribution dynamics and evolutionary trends. The results indicated that although the comprehensive index of urban ecological resilience in the Huaihe River Ecological Economic Belt was not high, it showed an upward trend, indicating continuous enhancement. There existed significant differences in urban ecological resilience among different regions, with the Northern Huaihai Economic Zone exhibiting higher urban ecological resilience compared to the Eastern Ocean-River-Lake Linkage Region and the Central-Western Inland Rising Region. The spatial unevenness in the three major regions was apparent. The northern Huaihai economic zone exhibited a distinct pattern of polarization, in contrast to the absence of such phenomenon in other regions. There was a clear trend of urban ecological resilience shifting towards a higher level in the Huaihe River Ecological Economic Belt.