Abstract: In order to comprehensively understand the current geographical distribution status and climatic limiting factors of Arundina graminifolia, the geographical distribution pattern of A. graminifolia and its dominant environmental factors are analysed using principal component analysis (PCA) based on 142 geographical distribution records and the corresponding 19 bioclimatic data. The results show that the horizontal distribution of A. graminifolia is mainly south of the central subtropics in China. However, the distribution pattern is more concentrated in the east than that in the west. The cumulative vertical distribution shows that A. graminifolia is mainly distributed at middle and low altitudes, especially below 800 m. The results of the principal component analysis show that precipitation has a slightly stronger influence on the geographical distribution pattern of A. graminifolia than temperature, especially the dry season precipitation. Precipitation and temperature are the main climatic factors limiting the westward and northward distribution of A. graminifolia respectively.