Abstract: The Mawuzhai mountain in Jinan city is taken as the experimental site to analyze the water and soil environment conditions of open pit quarry wasteland and natural mountain under different vegetation restoration modes. By using 11 indicators and principal component analysis, it is determined that the three main components affecting the water and soil environment in the study area are soil ecological factors, micro topographic factors and soil nutrient factors. The three principal components are used to study the water and soil environment of the three types of areas, and to analyze the ecological restoration effect and existing problems. The results show that: (1) Soil layer thickness, litter thickness, NDVI and vegetation type are the main influencing factors of soil ecological factors. Slope is the main factor determining the intensity of soil erosion. Soil erosion caused nutrient loss to a certain extent. (2) In the ecological restoration of open pit quarry wasteland, measures such as planting a variety of trees, increasing the thickness of soil layer and clay content in soil can be taken to improve the regional soil ecological environment, and to reduce the slope to weaken the intensity of soil erosion. (3) The ecological environment of the artificial vegetation restoration area has been improved, and the succession of virtuous circle between vegetation and soil has initially formed.