Abstract: Taking 54 cities in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River as the research objects, using Super-SBM model and spatial correlation model, the spatio-temporal ecological efficiency and the spatial correlation from 2010 to 2019 are studied. The results show that: (1) The ecological efficiency of the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River is generally at a low level, and the ecological efficiency varies significantly between years and cities.(2) From 2010 to 2019, the ecological efficiency evaluation value of the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River shows an evolution trend of "rising-falling-rising" in the time dimension. In space, the ecological efficiency of the eastern and western regions is higher, and the ecological efficiency of the central and northern regions is lower.(3) The ecological efficiency in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River has significant global autocorrelation characteristics in space, while local spatial correlation aggregation characteristics are not significant. The Moran's I value of the urban ecological efficiency in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River shows a trend of "first decrease, then increase and then decrease", and the spatial dependence first weakens, then increases and then weakens.