2021年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖解读

Introduction of the 2021 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine

摘要: 2021年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖授予美国神经生理学家David JULIUS (戴维·朱利叶斯)和美国神经生物学家Ardem PATAPOUTIAN(阿德姆·帕塔普蒂安), 以表彰他们在温度和触觉感受器方面做出的杰出贡献。他们分别发现瞬时受体电位(TRP)和机械压力受体(PIEZO)通道, 研究它们在温觉、痛觉、触觉、压力和身体位置的感知中发挥的不同作用, 为理解机体如何感知温度和机械刺激奠定了基础, 并进一步理解感知觉与其他生理病理活动的内在关系。探讨了如何以此为靶点, 开发出有效药物, 推动医学与生理学的发展。

Abstract: The 2021 Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine was awarded to American neurophysiologist David JULIUS and American neurobiologist Ardem PATAPOUTIAN in recognition of their outstanding contributions in discoveries of receptors for temperature and touch. They found the channel TRP and PIEZO, respectively, and investigated the role of them in senses of temperature, pain, touch, pressure and proprioception, which laid a good foundation of how to perceive temperature and mechanical stimuli. The foundation can help us to understand the relationships of sensory perception and other physiological activities and pathological changes, which contributes to the development of target drugs for development of medicine and physiology.