Abstract: By combing the relevant research on comprehensive poverty, using the method of factor analysis and cluster analysis, 14 indicators are selected from the five dimensions of income, population structure, employment, education and housing to construct the research index system and to compare the quantitative analysis and results of county comprehensive poverty level in Henan province. The results show that, from 2000 to 2010, the agglomeration areas with lower comprehensive poverty levels in counties continues to migrate to the fringes of northwestern Henan, southeast Henan has gradually evolved into an agglomeration area with a relatively high comprehensive poverty level, the comprehensive poverty level in municipal districts has always been the lowest. "Taiqian-Xinye" is an important dividing line for the comprehensive poverty level in Henan province. Comprehensive poverty level of its left and right sides county area changes violently. Institutional policies, urbanization process and market orientation are the main driving forces for the spatial evolution of comprehensive poverty in Henan province. Multi-dimensional factors jointly drive the change of comprehensive poverty types and spatial evolution in traditional agricultural areas and counties.