Abstract: Taking China's innovation capability from 2001 to 2016 as the research object, the characteristics of spatial imbalance, regional gap and convergence of China's innovation capability are revealed. The Dagum Gini coefficient is used to measure and decompose the regional differences of China's innovation capabilities, and the convergence trend of China's innovation capabilities is tested by the methods of σ convergence, β convergence and club convergence. The research shows that: (1) China's innovation capabilities show significant spatial disequilibrium in the terms of regional distribution; the overall difference in China's innovation capability is showing an expanding trend. Regional differences are the main source of regional differences in China's innovation capability; (2) the convergence test results show that there is σ convergence, absolute β convergence, and conditional β convergence on the overall level of China's innovation capability, but only the eastern and central regions have significant conditional β convergence, while club convergence exists in the H-H and H-L clusters.