Abstract: Through field investigation, specimen collection and identification, the species, efficacy, types and utilization value of medicinal plant resources in Southern Henan province were analyzed and evaluated. The results showed that there were 624 species of medicinal plants in 137 families in Southern Henan. Among them, there were 28 species in 12 families of pteridophytes, 16 species in 4 families of gymnosperms and 580 species in 121 families of angiosperms. There were various types of medicinal plants on campus, which could be divided into 7 types according to their medicinal parts. Among them, whole herb medicinal plants were the most abundant, accounting for 39.3%, and can be divided into 10 types according to the use. The species of heat clearing and detoxifying medicinal plants were the most, accounting for 44.2% of the total species. There wre 185 kinds of common medicinal plants, 113 poisonous plants and 10 kinds of wild plants under state key protection in south Henan province.