Abstract: According to the data of solar radiation, temperature and precipitation of Henan province from 1960 to 2015, the gradual correction method was used to estimate the climatic production potential of wheat in Henan province, and then the wheat planting space optimization plan was proposed. The results showed that: under the trend of global climate change, driven by the two factors of temperature and precipitation, the wheat climatic production potential of Henan province from 1960 to 2015 showed a W-type dynamic change. After 2000, the advantage potential area of wheat climatic production moved to southwestern Henan, but the speed gradually slowed down; the coincidence of the dominant climatic production potential area of wheat in Henan province and the current dominant planting area was 64.5%, and that of the weaker potential area and the weaker planting area was as high as 81.5%, but other types of potential areas coincide with the planting status was relatively low. Finally, based on the change of climate potential productivity, three types of wheat planting space optimization were divided into appropriate increase of wheat planting scale, appropriate decrease of wheat planting scale and maintenance of the current situation, which was of great significance to effectively guarantee food security.