Abstract: The total genome DNA was extracted from the gastric mucosal flora of patients with gastric antrum erosion, and the characteristics of the gastric mucosal flora were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing combined with data. At the phylum classification level, the gastric mucosal flora of all samples was mainly composed of Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria. At the genus classification level, it was composed of Helicobacter, Gilliamella, Streptococcus and Snodgrassella. Among them, the Helicobacter of YHP14, YHP15 and YHP16 samples was significantly higher than that of YHP11, YHP12 and YHP13 (P < 0.001). In addition, the abundance and diversity of the flora of YHP14, YHP15 and YHP16 samples were lower than YHP11, YHP12 and YHP13. Helicobacter pylori infection can change the structure of gastric mucosal flora in patients with gastric antrum erosion, and the chronic inflammation induced by Helicobacter pylori infection is one of the mechanisms of the occurrence and development of chronic gastric antrum erosion.