Abstract: The comprehensive carrying capacity is an important criterion to measure the sustainable development of regional population, resources, environment and social economy. With the examples of the Yangtze river economic belt area, from 2007 to 2017 as the time axis, build based on "social-economic-population-resources-environment" regional comprehensive bearing capacity of composite system evaluation system, using the entropy TOPSIS model to evaluate the bearing capacity of composite and its temporal and spatial pattern, with the analysis of exploratory data analysis and GWR model, comprehensive bearing capacity of influencing factors. The results show that: ① During 2007-2017, the comprehensive carrying capacity of the Yangtze river economic belt is low, but the upward trend is significant. ② The level of social carrying capacity of the Yangtze economic belt "tops", economic carrying capacity, environmental carrying capacity successively bottom. ③ The overall comprehensive carrying capacity of the Yangtze economic belt shows a spatial pattern that the lower reaches are higher than the middle reaches and the middle reaches are higher than the upper reaches. ④ Internet coverage, per capita disposable income, urbanization rate, GDP per unit of energy consumption and the proportion of environmental pollution control in GDP are the leading factors influencing the comprehensive carrying capacity. Accordingly, the countermeasures and suggestions to improve the comprehensive carrying capacity of the Yangtze river economic belt are put forward. The results are in line with the reality of the basin and can provide theoretical reference and technical support for the sustainable development of the Yangtze river economic belt.