Abstract: By use of the characteristics that the butterflies are extremely sensitive to environmental changes, the impact of changes in local habitat characteristics on butterflies diversity is studied. In Baotianman nature reserve, the line intercept monitoring method was used to investigate butterfly diversity in five samples: Baotianman drifting reservoir, Qixing lake, Getiaopa, Changlingtou and Mashankou. The results showed that Nymphalidae was the dominant family in Baotianman nature reserve, which contained altogether 24 genera and 52 species, with the highest specific richness. Hesperiidae contained only 4 genera and 5 species, which was a rare species. Among the five samples, Getiaopa had the highest genus, species diversity index and the highest specific richness, which were 2.7613、2.9268 and 7.7715, but the dominance index was the lowest (0.1879). In Qixing lake, the families diversity index was the highest (1.4042). The evenness index of Changlingtou was the highest (0.7518). The preliminary analysis of material revealed that the palearctic species, the oriental species and the widely distributed species was 20.48%, 13.25%, 66.27% respectively in Baotianman nature reserve, the widely distributed species were absolutely, the palearctic species were more than the oriental species.