Abstract: The soil is seen as a viscoelastic medium. Fractional constitutive equations are used to describe the stress-strain relationship of viscoelastic soils. The horizontal vibrational equations of the soil-sill core soil around a single pile are established and solved under axisymmetric coordinates. The analytical solution of horizontal dynamic resistance of single pile in fractional viscoelastic soils is obtained. The numerical examples are used to analyze the effect of pile-soil constant and model parameters on the horizontal dynamic resistance of a single pile. The results show that the fractional differential operator order of the soil around the pile has a great effect on the horizontal dynamic resistance of the single pile; The constitutive model constants of the soil around the soil and the pile have a significant effect on the horizontal dynamic impedance stiffness factor, while the influence on the impedance factor is relatively small.