Abstract: Cuora flavomarginata is a rare and endangered species in the world, which is key wild protected animals of China. Investigations and studies show that:before the 1970s, Cuora flavomarginata were widely distributed in Henan, Anhui, Hubei, Hunan, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Guangxi, Taiwan and the Ryukyu Islands, which the wild resources are very rich. The distribution area of the Dabie Mountain in Xinyang, Henan over 390 000 hectares, and the number of wild population is about 400 000. However, since the 1980s, with the diversification of hunting means and the increase of poaching intensity, the distribution area and habitat of the Cuora flavomarginata have been searched carefully. Excessive hunting results in the depletion of wild resources of the Cuora flavomarginata. At present, there are only a few wild individuals living in the Dabie Mountains of Henan Province, Wannan and Wanxi Dabie Mountainous areas of Anhui Province. The stable wild population of the Cuora flavomarginata is only distributed in Taiwan and the Ryukyu Islands. Although the reasons for the endangered wild resources include long sexual maturity cycle, low reproductive capacity, habitat destruction and other factors, the essential reason for the extinction of the Cuora flavomarginata's natural population is the endless greedy demand for its wild resources. It is an effective measure to save the endangered species of the Cuora flavomarginata from extinction by strengthening the construction and management of the Cuora flavomarginata protection area, increasing the anti-poaching behavior, improving the public's protection awareness, establishing the ecological compensation mechanism, and carrying out the restoration and reconstruction of the natural population.