Abstract: Since the first comprehensive traffic survey in Zhengzhou in 1987,there have been five large-scale comprehensive traffic surveys.On the basis of the five urban comprehensive traffic surveys,the longitudinal comparative analysis on the factors influencing the choice of travel modes and the traffic structure of Zhengzhou was conducted with the methods of empirical analysis and expert interview.The key factor to solve the urban traffic congestion problem was to adjust the traffic structure,so as to provide a certain reference basis for improving the traffic structure and easing traffic congestion.