Abstract: Based on the view of economics,the weighted index model is employed to measure the level of regional social and economic development for 18 cities in Henan province between 2005 and 2013.Then the spatial differentiation of the regional social and economic development level is discussed. The result shows that:(1) the level of regional social and economic development in Henan province exhibits a clear trend of spatial agglomeration, but the degree of spatial aggregation has been gradually weakened and the gaps between different cities become smaller.(2) The dualistic structure of the development space for the social and economic development of henan province has not been changed fundamentally. Area of the high-high spatial agglomeration is in the western region and the low-low spatial agglomeration is in the eastern region.(3) The level of the social and economic development in the provincial scale shows an atypical core-periphery distribution features,and the high and low level of social and economic development in the regional scale shows dynamic change characteristic.