Abstract: Taking 19 traditional villages in Xinyang as the research object and using the ArcGIS spatial analysis tools, the spatial distribution characteristics and influence factors of traditional villages were researched. The results showed that the traditional villages were unevenly distributed and aggregated, which formed an East-West trending agglomeration zone at the junction of Xinxian County and Shangcheng County. The distribution of traditional village was caused by both human factors and natural factors. Terrain and water were the dominant factors in nature. Furthermore, the backward economy and transportation made the village less disturbed by the outside world and therefore preserved well.