Abstract: Physicochemical property and enzyme activities of soils at different altitude of Neixiang Baotianman Nature Reserve, Henan Province, were investigated. Results showed that all of soils were acidic. According to the soil fertility classification of the second soil census, organic matter content was abundant, and increased with altitude. At each altitude, content of the total nitrogen, alkali hydrolysable nitrogen and available phosphorus were low or very low. The content of total phosphorus, total potassium and available potassium content were above medium level. Moreover, correlation analysis showed no significant correlation between soil enzymes (urease and phosphorylase) and fertility factors. Therefore, single enzyme activity of soils should not be enough for reflecting soil fertility in Neixiang Baotianman Nature Reserve.