Abstract: Focused on the symbiotic nitrogen fixation between model legume and rhizobium,the new proteins identified in recent years which can interact with some key regulatory proteins involved in nodule formation process were introduced. The important function of the new proteins in the process of the symbiosis was summarized and sorted out, which will further supplement and improve the early signal transduction pathway. The certain theoretical reference for the revealing of symbiotic mechanism between legume and rhizobium will be provided