Abstract: The methods of questionnaire, field investigation and indoor experiment were adopted in 2012 and 2013, the present situation and countermeasures of rural life energy in Guizhou karst mountainous areas were studied. Based on the problems of farmers’ low income, outdated and single energy structure, the corresponding countermeasures were proposed: develop biogas, straw gasification and other renewable energy combined with the conditions in demonstration area and on the basis of the livestock-breeding and crop-planting; establish the clean recycling and utilization model of renewable energy to improve the farmers’ income level, so as to optimize the energy structure; build fuel forest; strengthen the propaganda and guidance so that the optimization of the energy structure can be in accordance with the local rocky desertification control, finally achieving the harmonious development etc.It’s aimed at providing reference for the rural life energy structure optimization and rocky desertification control in Guizhou karst mountainous area