Abstract: The rural settlement spatial distribution for country domain in the flatlands along the huaihe river upper watershed was studied. The results showed that the overall rural settlement were in a random distribution model and some local areas were disequilibrium with ribbon pattern and round shapes. The rural settlement was distributing in all aspects, and the largest part was in the southeast, and larger in south、northwest and northwest. It was concluded that the spatial distribution characteristics of rural settlement was obviously affected by road、elevation、slope, and slightly affected by aspect. With the rising of elevation and the distance increasing to roads, the surface of rural settlement increased first and then decreased; with the increasing of slope, the surface of rural settlement  decreased.