Abstract: There are five hot springs named separately SHANGT、ZHONGT、XIAT、WENT and SHENGT in Lushan County,Pingdingshan City,Henan Province.The archaeal diversity of the Five Hot Spring was investigated and analyzed.The archaeal 16S rDNA v4-5 genes were sequenced by Illumina Hisiq2500 PE250 technology.The OTUs was sorted and statisted using Uparse,Mothur,SILVA,MUSCLE and Qiime software.Finally,the archaeal abundance and diversity in Five Hot Spring was analyzed.It was obtained 87 993、67 326、44 400、48 611、48 495 effective reads,and acquired 520、280、678、451、437 OTUs from the SHANGT、ZHONGT、WENT、XIAT and SHENT respectively.The analysis of archaeal classification showed that the archaeal from five hot springs could be classified as more than 11 phyla.Thaumarchaeota accounted for 95.25% was the dominant archaeal.In the genera level,the dominant archaea of the SHANGT、ZHONGT and WENT were Candidatus-Nitrosocaldusand unidentified-Thaumarchaeotais the dominant archaea in the XIAT and SHENT.The results showed that the five hot spring in Lushan is rich in microbial resources.It was proved basic data for further research and utilization of the resources of archaea.