Abstract: To explore the diversity and dynamic of insects under the lamps in Camellia oleifera garden of Xinyang city,it was adopted the method of luring-lamp to carry out systematic investigation on insect communities in Camellia oleifera's main producting area of Xinyang city from May 2015 to October 2016. The result showed that insects were trapped under the lamp in Camellia oleifera garden of Xinyang city belonging to 9 orders, 55 families, 120 species, the lepidoptera and coleoptera were the main insects, which account for 60% of the total families and 69.17% of the total species. The main dominant pests species were Prodenia litura, Anomala corpulenta, Clania crameri, Conogethes punctiferalis, Clania minuscula and so on. The peak of insect activity in Camellia oleifera garden was in June, July and August. The Shannon diversity index in 2016 was higher than that in 2015, the highest in June 2015, reaching 4.1067. And in July 2016 the index was the highest, which reached 4.3994. And the Pielou index was fluctuates smoothly, the highest in July 2015, reaching 0.8213,in August 2016 the index was the highest, which reached 0.9337. This study provides theoretical basis for monitoring, predicting and comprehensive protection of Camellia oleifera pests in this area.